Using Shelve to Save Objects in Python

Shelve is a  powerful Python module for object persistence. When you shelve an object, you must assign a key by which the object value is known. In this way, the shelve file becomes a database of stored values, any of which can be accessed at any time. Sample Code for Shelve in Python To shelve an object,  first import the module and then assign the object value as follows: import shelve database shelve.open(filename.suffix) object Object() database[key] object If you  want to keep a database of stocks, for example, you could adapt the following code: import shelve stockvalues_db shelve.open(stockvalues.db) object_ibm Values.ibm() stockvalues_db[ibm] object_ibm object_vmw Values.vmw() stockvalues_db[vmw] object_vmw object_db Values.db() stockvalues_db[db] object_db A stock values.db is already opened, you dont  need to open it again. Rather, you can open multiple databases at a time, write to each at will, and leave Python to close them when the program terminates. You could, for example, keep a separate database of names for each symbol, appending the following to the preceding code: ## assuming shelve is already imported stocknames_db shelve.open(stocknames.db) objectname_ibm Names.ibm() stocknames_db[ibm] objectname_ibm objectname_vmw Names.vmw() stocknames_db[vmw] objectname_vmw objectname_db Names.db() stocknames_db[db] objectname_db Note that any change in the name or suffix of the database file constitutes a different file and, therefore, a different database. The result is a second database file containing the given values. Unlike most files written in self-styled formats, shelved databases are saved in binary form. After the data is written to the file, it can be recalled at any time. If you want to restore the data in a later session, you re-open the file. If it is the same session, simply recall the value; shelve database files are opened in read-write mode. The following is the basic syntax for achieving this: import shelve database shelve.open(filename.suffix) object database[key] So a sample from the  preceding example would read: import shelve stockname_file shelve.open(stocknames.db) stockname_ibm stockname_file[ibm] stockname_db stockname_file[db] Considerations With Shelve It is  important to note that the database remains open until you close it (or until the program terminates). Therefore, if you are writing a program of any size, you want to close the database after working with it. Otherwise, the entire database (not just the value you want) sits in memory and consumes computing resources. To close a shelve file, use the following syntax: database.close() If all of the code examples above were incorporated into one program, we would have two database files open and consuming memory  at this point. So, after having read the stock names in the previous example, you could then close each database in turn as follows: stockvalues_db.close() stocknames_db.close() stockname_file.close()

Religion An Eminent Evolutionary Purpose - 978 Words

Religion is a specific rudimentary set of cultural beliefs that elucidates the interrelation uniting a human and a sacred supernatural being or power. This set of notions include the purpose of human subsistence, the justification for the existence of the universe, behavioural practices, individual convictions, ethics, organisations and moral codes to dictate the exploits of human affairs. Since time antediluvian humans have contoured a prerequisite for faith. This prerequisite has been an ingrained part of human essence as it is something us humans use to utilise and anticipate interminably to engender sense of the world. So what is faith? Faith can be elucidated as a strong set of religious dogma’s that are founded on spiritual†¦show more content†¦Indigenous religions usually form zealous spiritual tenets in supernatural forces. Those religions under the category of ‘indigenous’ employ myths and acting amalgamated through sacred rituals to exhibit their beliefs. Those residing with an indigenous religion have erudited to intersperse religion and daily life. Illustrations of some indigenous religions are; the Australian Aboriginals and many of the native Indian American tribes e,g Babine.†¨ Ancient Religions emanated from ancient civilisations and no longer exist as they subsided as the civilisation did. An ancient religion can be explicated as a religion originating from an ancient civilisation, nonetheless there are multiple components that conjoin to make it ‘ancient’. These elements comprise of: beliefs in deities and spirits, sacred stories and scriptures, rituals, sacred spaces and signs and symbols. In numerous ancients religions, mythology configured the basis of all of their radical convictions. Myths were availed not just to expound why specific events occur, but also as a sense of guidance. Sacred rituals were performed on a daily basis to ensure that their supernatural deities, who nurtured the land would continue to do so. In the time of the existence of these religions, everyone belonging to a certain county or state shared alike religions. In the time of ancient

Physical Distribution and Logistics Management

Question: Discuss about the Physical Distribution and Logistics Management. Answer: Introduction The retail industry has grown at a massive rate in the recent years that increase the level of competition due to free entry and exit of firms. New trends have been developed in the market with extensive changes in the strategies of the leading organisations. A change can be noticed in the taste and demand of the consumers that makes the customers look for huge merchandise and variety of products (Holmstrm, 2008). Hence, it is important for the retailers to implement competitive strategy by reducing cost of operations, provide on time deliver and variety of products. It has become mandatory for any retail organisation to implement innovative supply chain management to obtain speed and flexibility in operations (Farahvash Altiok, 2011). The study focuses on the current purchasing and inventory management system used by Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre. Furthermore, the paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the current purchasing and inventory management system used by the company. In accordance to the issues, innovative supply chain and inventory management concepts have discussed that can be helpful to increase the efficiency and reduce investment while maintaining adequate stock. Finally, the study presents necessary recommendations for Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre to restructure its procurement and inventory functions. Current Purchasing and inventory management process Under the leadership of Belinda Green, Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre has followed strict procurement and inventory management system controlling management practices directed to maintain the stocks. In the contemporary business scenario, the firm requires massive investment in stock. In addition to that, adequate resources of management have been included to utilise the investment to the stock. Meanwhile, the entire process of existing purchasing and inventory has been established according to Saxons laissez-faire approach. As a result of the scenario, the purchasing and inventory management system has looked somewhat odd in compared to other retail operating companies. The major areas of purchasing and inventory management of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre have no integrated approaches (Viale, 2016). Each of the stores functioned autonomously, and the inventories have been managed following substantial orders. Whenever shortage of products has taken place, stocks have been shifted be tween stores to manage the situation. In the inventory management system, some of the most offered product brands items may vary within the shops. Primarily, this type of inventory management cannot be adopted in the competitors inventory management system (Ancarani, Di Mauro, DUrso, 2016). As the managers of the three stores of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre have operated different levels of purchasing and inventory management system, the system of inventory and purchasing are entirely unconnected. Conversely, the diverse management systems of the three stores of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre have no similarities and uniformities for practical sustainability (Zhang, Xu, Wu, 2009). On the basis of practical interest, the inventory management and purchasing system of the three stores of the firm is not providing any sustainability to the corporate business. Though in the case of shortage of items the system looks outstanding, the disconnection among the three management systems is not tactically correct (Zhuang, 2014). Competitive advantages and disadvantages of the currently used process The current purchasing and inventory management process of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre have several advantages and disadvantages that impacts the business of the organisation. For example, the primary advantage of the current process is the less investment required to maintain the inventory (Jessop, 2014). Another advantage of the inventory management process is the less spaced required to store the inventories. It is known that advantages and disadvantages are two sides of the same coin. The competitive advantages and disadvantages of the currently used process are discussed herein below: Advantages Low Investment: The current process of the Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre needs low investment because there is no need of maintaining extra inventory. Along with that, it buys inventory according to the demand of the customers (Jessop, 2014). Along with that, few products are kept in the store that minimise the cost of inventory management. Low Space to Manage Inventory: The Company does not need any extra space to maintain the inventory that reduces the cost of warehouse (Nasiri, Davoudpour, Karimi, 2010). There is no need of any extra employee to maintain the warehouses. It reduces the work pressure of the inventory managers as the location of the warehouse is situated at the store. Individual Operations: Each and every store of the organisation operates separately. They order inventories according to their need (Jessop, 2014). Hence, the pressure over the inventory managers reduces due to low area of operations. Disadvantages Delay in Shipment: The orders for the inventory are made whenever needed according to the exhaustion of the stock. In other words, the orders are made when the stock finishes that leads to delay in shipments (Laing Cotton, 2007). Customers visiting the store need to wait for the stock to come for purchasing a product. Lack of Stock: The lack of stock makes the customers wait for the new shipments to come. Every store does not have all products that are in demand and manages from other stores to meet the customers need (Jessop, 2014). It leads to loss of time and money to bring new stocks to meet the customised needs of the customers. Loss of Reputation: The lack of stock and delay in shipments leads to loss of reputation of the stores in this competitive market. It impacts the loyalty of the customer towards the company. Hence, it will negatively impact the business in the current market scenario (Laing Cotton, 2007). Appropriate supply-chain and inventory management system The appropriate supply chain and inventory management system to increase efficiency and reduce investment whilst maintaining adequate stock levels can be achieved by implementing the following strategies. Understandably, supply chain management theory can be taken into consideration in the business structure of the organisation. By identifying the demand of the customers, innovative, high quality and low cost brand products must be promoted according to the latest supply chain management theory to meet the demand of the customers. Moreover, the hybrid type of supply chain management will be suitable for significant operations in the each of the branches of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre. Constant analysis and manipulation: There is a need of constant analysis and manipulation of new procurement strategies by conducting regular market research (Raki, 2014). Decisively, demand theory must be identified as one of the best theoretical concepts to develop latest procurement ideas delivering solid inventory management system. The supply chain management of the company must be aware of the facts regarding the changes of price in the market and must maintain good relation with different suppliers Implement Just-In-Time Strategy: The organisation must implement Just-In-Time strategy to minimise cost of maintaining extra stock (Wild, 2007). It helps to reduce the space of maintaining inventory. Furthermore, the Just-In-Time policy increases the reputation of the company in the market. Common inventory: There is a need of common inventory for all three stores. A common warehouse will help the company to increase the efficiency of supply chain system and reduce pressure by eliminating the situations of emergency (Shockley Fetter, 2015). In operations management, inventory theory is another exceptional theoretical concept to design the inventory model in order to minimise the cost. Applying the theory, the organisation must promote a significant inventory management and procurement system. Online Inventory System: The online inventory system will help the stores to order products automatically. The online inventory system can be managed using procurement theory creating a paradigm leading to effective inventory management. Procurement theory can be utilised within the inventory management to develop the inventory management following the supplier and consumer model in the same chain system. It will reduce the pressure of the inventory managers and enable the company with efficient supply chain management (Dollar, 2010). Furthermore, the online inventory management system will work according to a fixed plan that will provide better flexibility and faster service. Recommendations for restructuring the purchasing and inventory functions As the purchasing and inventory management has been one of the most effective systems to control the productivity of a firm, a purposeful restructuring of the existing purchasing and inventory management of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre is recommended on basis of certain modern supply chain theories (Babbar Prasad, 2008). Through the identification of the problems attached to the scenario, some of the valid recommendations have been advised as follows. Clearly, hybrid supply chain management will be evident for Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre as such SCM has used make-to-stock and lean strategies to provide efficient stock maintenance in order to meet the demand of the customers. Apply Multi-Period and Just-In-Time Inventory Models: By considering the demand theory, the existing business operations of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centres three stores have been suitable for multi-period inventory models to be chosen (Ramalhinho Dias Loureno Ribeiro, 2015). The fixed-order quantity model can control event triggered situation such as stocking and the Just-In Time design can increase the sales at the same time (Ramalhinho Dias Loureno Ribeiro, 2015). Thus, efficient purchasing and inventory system can be managed. Modern Supply Chain System: Through the listing of the stockings and products of each of three stores using an online inventory system, a unanimous purchase order decisions should have been promoted to maintain the sustainability of the system (Ramalhinho Dias Loureno Ribeiro, 2015). In this way, identifying the Supply chain management theory, a reserve of items and costs of inventory can be suitably handled. It helps to eliminate the lack of stock and allows every store to sell a variety of products. Centralised Warehouse: Invariably, centralised warehouse must be planned so that the maintenance of the procurement procedure and inventory system will be lot easier (Ritchken Tapiero, 2016). According to the procurement model theory, through tracking down the balance of the purchasing items, the reserves and return ratio of the stock must be centralised to restrict the purchasing. Thus, using a single record system the labour cost and maintenance cost can be minimised (Ritchken Tapiero, 2016). Cost Savings Contemplation: In purchasing and inventory management, Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre must select standardised suppliers and consignment agreements to promote cost saving contemplation. In this way, by following inventory theory, significant benefits can be achieved reducing inventory and stocks. Standardised suppliers will promote on-time delivery and reduce the price of raw materials through bulk purchase for all of the three stores at a time (Sepehri, 2011). Such efficient purchasing and inventory system can be effective for Brisbane Outdoor Power Centres management to control the maintenance functionality of the purchasing and inventory management system (Sepehri, 2011). If the recommendations are approved, the following action plan can be implemented as given in the table below: TASK ACCOUNTABLE OFFICER TIME REMARKS Undertake stock to take of inventory of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre Personal Information Manager (PIM), Branch Manager 15-Oct-16 Report to PIM to conduct baseline data establishment Formulate and plan latest Supply Chain Management and inventory system PIM, Branch Manager Nov-16 Draft contract document for Supply Chain Management partners PIM, Branch Manager Nov-16 Approval of Board for recent SCM arrangements, Legal advice regarding latest contract arrangements with partners Select and appoint SCM partners PIM, Branch Manager Dec-16 Contracts signed off Restructure Brisbane Power's Supply Chain into latest developed inventory system PIM, Branch Manager Dec-16 Report to be drafted by PIM for Board of Directors Conclusion The previous operations of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre under the leadership of Donald Saxon have seen the impressive development of the business. The outlets of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre have managed effectively creating a massive buzz around the market. The efficient management of the purchasing and inventory system has earned a strong reputation within the target market. The reliability and performance standards of the knowledgeable workforce of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centres stores have contributed to the achievements of the three outlets situated at different locations. Meanwhile, as the business moves on, the management of inventory and purchasing of orders has lost the potentials. The quality of the merchandising has decreased considerably under the market scenario. As a result of the circumstances, for the retail establishment within the market, significant steps must be taken by the management improving the existing management standards of supply chain, purchasing and s tock maintenance. Evidently, Ms Green must identify the tight financial situation of the firm to approve the latest recommendations in inventory management. The odd existing purchasing and inventory management system of Brisbane Outdoor Power Centres three outlets and the functionality of the managers must be altered as soon as possible. Through the implementation of multi-period inventory models, the efficient strategic modification must be developed within the system. Also, centralised outlets and cost saving considerations must be promoted to reduce the cost of inventory. References Ancarani, A., Di Mauro, C., DUrso, D. (2016). Measuring overconfidence in inventory management decisions.Journal Of Purchasing And Supply Management,22(3), 171-180. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2016.05.001 Babbar, S. Prasad, S. (2008). International purchasing, inventory management and logistics research.International Journal Of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,28(6), 403-433. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09600039810245076 Dollar, W. (2010).Purchasing management and inventory control for small business. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Management Information and Training. Farahvash, P. Altiok, T. (2011). A multi-period inventory model with multi-dimensional procurement bidding.Annals Of Operations Research,186(1), 101-118. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-011-0893-4 Holmstrm, J. (2008). Business process innovation in the supply chain a case study of implementing vendor managed inventory.European Journal Of Purchasing Supply Management,4(2-3), 127-131. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-7012(97)00028-2 Jessop, D. (2014). Purchasing and the management of materials.European Journal Of Purchasing Supply Management,1(3), 193. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-7012(94)90009-4 Jessop, D. (2014). Purchasing management, analysis, planning and practice.European Journal Of Purchasing Supply Management,1(3), 194-195. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-7012(94)90010-8 Laing, A. Cotton, S. (2007). Patterns of inter-organizational purchasing.European Journal Of Purchasing Supply Management,3(2), 83-91. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-7012(96)00020-2 Nasiri, P., Davoudpour, H., Karimi, B. (2010). The Impact of Integrated Analysis on Supply chain Management: A Coordinated Approach for Inventory Control Policy.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,15(4). https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13598541080001412 Raki, H. (2014). An application of RFID in supply chain management to reduce inventory estimation error.10.5267/J.Uscm,2(2), 97-104. https://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2014.1.001 Ramalhinho Dias Loureno, H. Ribeiro, R. (2015), Multi-Period Vendor Managed Inventory Systems.SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.563261 Ritchken, P. Tapiero, C. (2016). Contingent Claims Contracting for Purchasing Decisions in Inventory Management.Operations Research,34(6), 864-870. https://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.34.6.864 Sepehri, M. (2011). Cost and inventory benefits of cooperation in multi-period and multi-product supply.Scientia Iranica,18(3), 731-741. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scient.2011.05.020 Shockley, J. Fetter, G. (2015). Distribution co-opetition and multi-level inventory management performance: An industry analysis and simulation.Journal Of Purchasing And Supply Management,21(1), 51-63. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2014.09.002 Viale, J. (2016).Inventory management. Menlo Park, Calif.: Crisp Publications. Wild, A. (2007).Best practice in inventory management. New York: Wiley. Zhang, D., Xu, H., Wu, Y. (2009). Single and multi-period optimal inventory control models with risk-averse constraints.European Journal Of Operational Research,199(2), 420-434. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2008.11.047 Zhuang, Z. (2014). Inventory Information Management of Logistics Supply Chain.AMR,989-994, 5453-5456. https://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.5453.

Treatment Plan Medical Directors Association

Question: Discuss about theTreatment Planfor Medical Directors Association. Answer: Introduction: The patient is 69 years old and is presented by Korsakoff Syndrome. It is said that she has a history of Hepatic Encephalopathy, Epilepsy, Osteoarthritis and urine incontinent. The nurse should proceed with her investigation to confirm the presence of the syndrome and then provide a treatment plan for her. The following essay would describe the diagnostic tools, assessment of the disorder and treatment plan for the same. The patient is affected by the Korsakoff syndrome. Before proceeding with the diagnostic tools and describing the procedure of the treatment approach. Under the normal conditions, thiamin plays a very important role especially in the metabolism of glucose and thereby providing energy in the brain. When thiamin gets reduced in amount, it results in an inadequate supply of thiamin to the brain more particularly in the hypothalamus. Hypothalamus mainly regulates the body temperature, growth, appetite and also controls emotional response. Besides, it also controls the pituitary functions like metabolism and also different release of hormones (Oudman et al. 2014). It also harms the neural pathways that mainly take part in the different memory function in the mammalian brain. Therefore, when thiamine deficiency occurs in the brain, energy is not produced and the above mentioned side effects are observed. Symptom Analysis: The patient was a sufferer form Hepatic Encephalopathy which is an acute disorder that remains intricately associated with liver dysfunction. As the patient had a habit of drinking alcohol much more than the normal rate, it had affected her previous disorders. Chronic alcoholism mainly affects the thiamine uptake and also hampers the utilization of the thiamine. Thereby, the disorder has been the result of alcohol uptake and thereby had caused the patient to suffer a lot (Gerridzen et al., 2016). In order to explain the correct diagnostic tools, it must be mentioned that diagnosis of the disease is very difficult. I the acute cases, the patient may be noted to develop skin changes with a beefy tongue (Miguel et al., 2016). However this are just symptoms and do not confirm the disorder. Blood count, electrolytes and also liver function tests need to be conducted as diagnostic tools. In order to explain the various diagnostic tools that may help the identification of the syndrome in the patient would be the serum albumin level. This will help to measure the level of albumin in the blood and will portray whether any sort of protein deficiency is present in the blood or not, that will help to identify her nutritional deficiency. Followed by that, serum albumin test will be conducted that will help to understand the level of B1 vitamin in blood. This can be further confirmed with the enzyme activity test if the patient responds in a low enzyme activity tests, one can understand that the patient has Korsakoff syndrome (Horton et al., 2015). As the patient already have history of the hepatic encephalopathy, therefore the concerned person for the diagnosis can easily take chances with the above mentioned diagnostic tools as it is a neurological disorder in the brain occurring to persons with liver damage. Moreover the patient also has history of epilepsy that mainly occurs when the the electrical impulses in the brain are not following the usual rhythm and thereby result in seizures. Therefore alcohol uptake and the associated history of disorders already give us a clue that nutritional deficiency is mainly affecting the brains work (Atkins et al., 2015). The nurse can thereby apply another type of diagnostic tool that will mainly contain the conductance of an electrocardiogram in the absence of vitamin B1 and gain in the presence of the Vitamin B1. While she is conducting this diagnostic test for the patient, the nurse should also ensure that whether the patient had developed any brain lesions due to hepatic encephalopathy. The nurse can also undertake an MRI test that will show shrunken mammaliary bodies as well as other associated changes in the brain if the patient really has Korsakoff syndrome (Steinmetz et al., 2016). Basically, the diagnosis of the diseases is very difficult because there is no specific test that helps in identification of the diseases individually. These is mainly because the syndrome often gets masked by the symptoms of other condition common among different patient like those who misuse alcohol both involving intoxication as well as withdrawal and infection and also head injury (Risko et al., 2015). One can see here also that the patient was alcoholic and so her chances to be affected increases. Often the symptoms that the patient shows can be misunderstood with the symptoms of Alzheimers dementia. However this dementia is very different from the dementia that occur die to Korsakoff syndrome. Therefore diagnosis of the diseases has often been very difficult and is reported mainly after the death of individual after post mortem. The symptoms that the patient shows like confusion, hallucinations, apathy, communication issues, problems in learning new information and memory impairment. These are also the symptoms of many other types of mental disorders as well which make it very difficult for health care professionals to denote them. Many healthcare professionals utilize different medications for Alzheimers and when they are not recovering the patient, then only the professionals can guess about the occurrence of the diseases through the tools that are mentioned above (Svanberg Evans, 2014). When a nurse suspects the occurrence of the Korsakoff syndrome, she can further confirm her diagnosis by the incorporation of the high dose parenteral thiamin. Parenteral thiamine can itself be associated with a very small risk of anaphylactic reactions but the nurse should only provide this thiamine to the patient where proper resuscitation program would be present. If the patient really has the syndrome then she would inevitably show response of recovery. The ocular abnormality of the patient will recover at a much faster rate like within days to within a week. Ataxia will also respond within a few days only but may take about a month or so to resolve. Improvements will also be observed in the cases of the patient as the acute confusion or delirium that the patient is experiencing may also be resolved within only 1 to two days. The global confusion of the patient will also be seen to resolve and also improve within two to three weeks but may also take about one to three months for complete recovery (Marin Khan et al., 2015). Therefore, when the patient responses well to the nurses intervention of parenteral thiamine, it becomes clear that the patient is indeed responding and the vulnerability of the patient towards. Once the acute state of confusion that the patient is suffering from has been resolved, the nurse may carry out a particular type of clinical examination in order to be sure that whether any core deficits including physical examination is present or not that will help to ascertain the presence or absence of Symptoms of the disorder. The Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE) can also help to screen whether any global confusion is present in the Korsakoff patient (Oudman et al., 2014). However researchers have stated that it is an inadequate assessment reading the memory functions. Therefore nurses nowadays also ask various types of supplementary questions in order to ensure and judge the condition of the patients (ORegan et al., 2016). As discussed above, the nurse have to thoroughly analyze the history of the the patient before doing any physical examination in order to understand the presence of the Korsakoff syndrome. She should also conduct a number of differential diagnoses in order to confirm her suspected disorder. Red cell transketolase activity usually gets decreased when thiamine deficiency takes place which can bear a signal for the syndrome (Beerens et al., 2014). Pyruvate also can get elevated and the serum thiamine levels will be low. Moreover the patient is already suffering from liver dysfunction and therefore has the hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore the nurse can easily have an idea that the alcohol consumption have been mainly the sole reason for the occurrences and can thereby claim that the patient is suffering from the Korsakoff syndrome. Symptom Management: After the nurse had conducted various diagnoses with the different diagnostic tools mentioned above and made a thorough assessment of the symptoms that the patient is facing along with the complete documental d evaluation of the history of the patient, she may prepare a treatment plan that would help to treat the patient. She should first make sure that the patient is completely avoiding alcohol. If the patient has significant alcohol dependency, she should be given thiamine supplementation. Besides, the nurse should also be sure that she should conduct adequate discharge and follow- up arrangements which are also as much important as the thiamine replacement (Rao, 2014). Proper maintenance of food and diet with adequate presence of all the important vitamins and minerals should also be ensured by the nurses so that she can provide an overall care for the patient. From the above discussion, one can come to the conclusion that the confirmation of the patient suffering from Korsakoff syndrome is very difficult. The nurse has to go through the history of the patient to make an idea of the occurrence of the diseases. From making an idea about the disorder the nurse should then try to confirm it with different medical tests that will help her to understand whether her assumptions are right. Once she is confirmed after differential diagnosis, she may proceed further and thereby implement her interventions through a detailed treatment plan which will help to cure the patient from her syndromes. Reference: Atkins, S., Rackham, K., Acevedo, J., Dowman, J. K., Fowell, A. J., Aspinall, R. J. (2015). PWE-138 Increasing burden of alcohol related brain injury is disproportionate to hospital admissions with liver disease.Gut,64(Suppl 1), A273-A273. Beerens, H. C., Sutcliffe, C., Renom-Guiteras, A., Soto, M. E., Suhonen, R., Zabalegui, A., ... RightTimePlaceCare Consortium. (2014). Quality of life and quality of care for people with dementia receiving long term institutional care or professional home care: the European RightTimePlaceCare study.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,15(1), 54-61. Gerridzen, I. J., Moerman?van den Brink, W. G., Depla, M. F., Verschuur, E. M., Veenhuizen, R. B., Wouden, J. C., ... Joling, K. J. (2016). Prevalence and severity of behavioural symptoms in patients with Korsakoff syndrome and other alcohol?related cognitive disorders: a systematic review.International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Horton, L., Duffy, T., Hollins Martin, C., Martin, C. R. (2015). Comprehensive assessment of alcohol?related brain damage (ARBD): gap or chasm in the evidence?.Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing,22(1), 3-14. Martin-Khan, M., Salih, S. A., Rowland, J., Wootton, R., Gray, L. C. (2015). General practitioners, patients, and care givers support the use of a telegeriatric memory disorder consultation for older adults.Advances in Alzheimer's Disease,4(01), 1. Miguel, S., Alvira, M., Farr, M., Risco, E., Cabrera, E., Zabalegui, A. (2016). Quality of life and associated factors in older people with dementia living in long-term institutional care and home care.European Geriatric Medicine,7(4), 346-351. O'Regan, N. A., Maughan, K., Liddy, N., Fitzgerald, J., Adamis, D., Molloy, D. W., ... Timmons, S. (2016). Five short screening tests in the detection of prevalent delirium: diagnostic accuracy and performance in different neurocognitive subgroups.International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Oudman, E., Postma, A., Van der Stigchel, S., Appelhof, B., Wijnia, J. W., Nijboer, T. C. (2014). The montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) is superior to the mini mental state examination (MMSE) in detection of Korsakoffs syndrome.The Clinical Neuropsychologist,28(7), 1123-1132. Rao, T. (2014). The role of community nursing in providing integrated care for older people with alcohol misuse.British journal of community nursing,19(2). Risco, E., Cabrera, E., Jolley, D., Stephan, A., Karlsson, S., Verbeek, H., ... RightTimePlaceCare Consortium. (2015). The association between physical dependency and the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms, with the admission of people with dementia to a long-term care institution: a prospective observational cohort study.International journal of nursing studies,52(5), 980-987. Steinmetz, J. P., Theisen-Flies, C., Federspiel, C. (2016). Views on quality of life differ between alcohol related brain damaged individuals and their healthcare professionals.Applied Research in Quality of Life,11(1), 239-251. Svanberg, J., Evans, J. J. (2014). Impact of SenseCam on memory, identity and mood in Korsakoff's syndrome: A single case experimental design study.Neuropsychological rehabilitation,24(3-4), 400-418.

American Beginnings (Part 2) Essay

American Beginnings (Part 2) Essay American Beginnings (Part 2) Essay American Beginnings (Part 2) The Jeffersonian Era Jefferson’s Presidency 1. Election of 1800 a. Adams vs. Jefferson b. Jefferson won Adams by 8 electoral votes c. Jefferson won election d. 12th Amendment passed stating people to cast separate ballots for president and vice president. 2. Simplifying the Government a. Jeffersonian Republicanism: Jefferson’s theory of government that said the people should control the government and simple government was the best b. Reduced army and expenses c. Tried to reduce Federalist positions in government 3. John Marshall and the Supreme Court a. Marbury vs. Madison i. Principle of judicial review established ii. John Marshall = Chief Justice iii. 1803 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to abolish legislative acts by declaring them unconstitutional b. Judicial review: ability of supreme court to declare act of congress unconstitutional 4. Louisiana Purchase a. Jefferson expanded US borders b. Bought from France for $15 million c. More than doubled the United States size 5. Lewis and Clark Expedition a. 1803: appointed Lewis and Clark to explore b. Took 2 years 4 months c. Proved transcontinental travel possible Madison and the War of 1812 James Madison became president in 1812 1. The Causes of the War a. US focused on Britain instead of France because of impressment b. Impressment: forcible seizure of men for military service c. Didn’t buy goods from Britain but didn’t affect Britain d. War Hawks: group of young congressmen from South who demanded war e. Upset Native Americans and fought against the settlers f. US called for war against Britain because Native Americans used arms from Britain 2. The Course of the War a. Congress approved war in early June b. US unprepared but Britain focused on Napoleon in Europe c. US invaded Canada and failed d. Tecumseh killed at Battle of Thames e. Aug. 1814: British burned the Capitol f. Jan. 8, 1815: Battle of New Orleans i. General Andrew Jackson got troops to protect city ii. 5,400 Americans fought against 8,000 troops and won with few loses 3. The Consequences of the War a. British and Americans signed peace agreement before Battle of New Orleans but didn’t get to generals before battle was fought b. Treaty of Ghent signed Dec. 24, 1814 declared armistice c. Led to the end of the Federalist party d. Encouraged growth of American industries to replace products no longer available because of war e. Confirmed US as a free and independent nation Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy President James Monroe (1816) established foreign policy based on nationalism 1. Territory and Boundaries a. 1817: Rush-Bagot Treaty i. Agreement between John Q. Adams and Britain ii. Reduces Great Lakes fleets to only a few b. Convention of 1818 i. Fixed Northern US border at 49th parallel west to Rocky Mountains c. Reached compromise with Britain to jointly occupy Oregon Territory for 10 years d. 1819: Adams-Onis Treaty e. Adams convinced Don Luis de Onis (Spanish Minister) to transfer Florida to US 2. The Monroe Doctrine a. Americans wanted to reduce European power in America b. Monroe Doctrine: a policy of US opposition to any European interference in te affairs of the Western Hemisphere, announced by President Monroe c. Monroe Doctrine created in 1823- important basis for future American policy d. Speech ignored because US had no armed forces to support doctrine The Age of Jackson Regional Economies Create Differences North became industrialized while South became agricultural 1. Early Industry in the United States a. Industries began in North b. Lowered cost of producing goods and increase markets and profits c. Started Industrial Revolution d. 1793: British immigrant, Samuel Slater, brought textile over to Rhode Island 2. Two Agricultural Systems Develop a. Farmers discovered how to specialize in one or two crops to make mass production b. Eli Whitney created the cotton

Free Essays on The Scarlet Ibis

â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† By James Hurst Characterization of Doodle William Armstrong, also known as Doodle, was a character in â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis†. He was born with an illness that made him different from the rest of his family. Despite the illness, and with the help of his brother, Doodle, which was named after a doodle bug by his brother, overcame a lot of obstacles. If it wasn’t for the over bearing ness, and his arterial motives, Doodle might not have progressed as far as he did. This was due to the fact that the doctor, his mother and father did not have faith that Doodle will ever be able to accomplish anything because of his illness. The only person that had any faith in his ablities was his Aunt Nicey. Even though he had an illness that made him different Doodle was just like any other boy his age. He had the strength and determination to overcome , and do what he was told he could not do. He had a love and appreciation for things most take for grated. He also wanted to be accepted as a part of the family, fr om acceptance bore the courage to become a normal little boy. To start with, Doodle was a strong determined little boy. He began his life with a fight to stay alive. There was not much hope for poor little Doodle at the beginning. His father even ordered a casket built for him because they did not expect him to live. With his unblaten determination, he won his first battle to live. Not long after that, he began to fight many more battles. He started showing signs of mental competence when he smiled at his older brother. Afterwards, he began to try to move around and eventually began to crawl even though â€Å"the doctor said that with his weak heart this strain would probably kill him, but it didn’t.† Doodle did not stop there. With his persitance and determination he eventually learned how to walk, run, swim, climb, and row a boat. All of this was accomplished by a little boy that eve... Free Essays on The Scarlet Ibis Free Essays on The Scarlet Ibis â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† By James Hurst Characterization of Doodle William Armstrong, also known as Doodle, was a character in â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis†. He was born with an illness that made him different from the rest of his family. Despite the illness, and with the help of his brother, Doodle, which was named after a doodle bug by his brother, overcame a lot of obstacles. If it wasn’t for the over bearing ness, and his arterial motives, Doodle might not have progressed as far as he did. This was due to the fact that the doctor, his mother and father did not have faith that Doodle will ever be able to accomplish anything because of his illness. The only person that had any faith in his ablities was his Aunt Nicey. Even though he had an illness that made him different Doodle was just like any other boy his age. He had the strength and determination to overcome , and do what he was told he could not do. He had a love and appreciation for things most take for grated. He also wanted to be accepted as a part of the family, fr om acceptance bore the courage to become a normal little boy. To start with, Doodle was a strong determined little boy. He began his life with a fight to stay alive. There was not much hope for poor little Doodle at the beginning. His father even ordered a casket built for him because they did not expect him to live. With his unblaten determination, he won his first battle to live. Not long after that, he began to fight many more battles. He started showing signs of mental competence when he smiled at his older brother. Afterwards, he began to try to move around and eventually began to crawl even though â€Å"the doctor said that with his weak heart this strain would probably kill him, but it didn’t.† Doodle did not stop there. With his persitance and determination he eventually learned how to walk, run, swim, climb, and row a boat. All of this was accomplished by a little boy that eve...

Case Study Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Study Analysis Paper - Essay Example Robins should have taken initiative to discover what his job would entail him to do. Since he had not, ideally someone else should have helped him to understand, and walked him through his first integration, so that no mistakes were made. Because so little paperwork has been completed, and it is unclear who should have completed the paperwork and scheduled physicals for the new employees, Mr. Robins will need to step up and complete the work himself. While there are several solutions, there are two that seem the most likely to be successful. First, Mr. Robins could go and speak to Ms. Carrolls, the woman for whom he hired the employees, and outright admit his mistake. Then, working together they could revise the timeline and determine what, if any, the consequences should be for his mistakes. Ms. Carrolls is also the most likely source of information as to who (if any one else is at fault) should have been helping him, and address those problems. The second, and more likely solution, is that Mr. Robins needs to pull it together. He should make a list of what he needs to complete, and put aside other work until he has fixed his errors. This solution allows him to complete his work on time, and not inconvenience Ms. Carrolls, or the newly hired workers. Mr.

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Design a Risk Assessment - Assignment Example This risk assessment will therefore be done in order to assess the effect of the expansion plans that was carried out that involved installation of four new wire drawing machines and enlargement of the HCL tank. Even though the company has scheduled risk assessment plans and daily plant machine safety checks, the expansion project falls out of the scope of the scheduled plant assessments that are usually carried out at intervals as the expansion is a new thing in the company hence needing urgent assessment of the risks and how to handle them effectively. The main aim for undertaking this risk assessment is to identify the hazards and risks linked with the expansion work that was done in the wire drawing section and the galvanizing section, analyze the risks and find a solution to them. This assessment to be carried out will be specific in that it will only involve two sections of the plant: wire drawing and GIP section. The hazards in each of the two sections will be identified by four means. The first method of identifying the hazards will be to examine information about the new equipment installed in these two sections (Royer, 2004). The second means will be by consulting the employees and operators who work in these two sections so that they can help identify the potential hazardous situations in their areas of work. The third method will be to determine the potential hazards by examining the work places in the two sections under consideration. The final method will involve brainstorming as a team to help identify and think of the hazards that might be associated with the expansion work. After identifying the hazards, they will be recorded in the Hazard Summary sheet after which risk analysis will be done (Laird & Mccutcheon, 2007). The analysis and assessment done will help in coming up with the ways to counter any hazard that will be identified in the course of this

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Us airways swot analysis

Us airways swot analysis US Airways SWOT Analysis Mission Statement Customer service has always been a priority at US Airways, and we are committed to making every flight count for our valued customers. Our promise to you, the safety and satisfaction of our customers is a top priority for our airline. Customers first is the result of a joint effort of the airline industry, the US Congress and the US Department of transportation to address the key service elements that affects our customers. New Mission Statement Here at US Airways, we strive to create a modern travelling experience for our passengers. Our young fleet offers passengers the comfort and luxury of 21st century flight. From Wi-Fi, to satellite television to seats that reclines as beds, when u fly with us, youre always connected to the modern world. Strength of US Airways US Airways has much strength as a major airline. After its merger with America West in 2005, it became the 5th largest airline in the US, combining the East Coast prominence of US Airways and the West Coast strengths of America West. US Airways operates more than 3,800 departures a day to 240 destinations in 32 countries and flies nearly 70 million passengers a year. The company has two subsidiaries, US Airways Shuttle and US Airways Express which provide hourly short haul flights in the high demand metropolitan areas of NY, BOS, DC. This in particular is a great strength of US Airways because business flyers frequently travel between those cities on a daily basis and tend to sell out those flights. Below is a picture of the aircraft which provides these short distance flights for the business class. It also operates nonstop flights connecting business and pleasure travelers between Philadelphia and London. One of the biggest strengths that US Airways holds over all the other airlines is that it operates the largest fleet of Airbus aircraft in the world, particularly the Airbus A320 family which is considered the leader in the single-aisle jetliner market. The A320 family consists of four aircrafts (A318, A319, A320, and A321) which responds to airlines needs for optimized cabin layouts, better baggage and cargo handling, maximum operational flexibility on short and medium haul routes and most importantly lower operating costs that only a new-generation aircraft can offer. The Envoy Class and seats that US Airways flights have is strength in attracting business travelers. The Envoy Sleeper seats as they are known are seats on the A330-300 in business class that recline completely flat and form a bed as shown in figure 2 below. Those other airplane models that do not have the envoy seats have an envoy class in which every seat is fitted with a personal on demand screen to watch movies, play games, watch syndicated television, and each seat has an EmPower outlet. Other airlines typically only have one outlet per every 2 seats in coach or have done away with the outlets altogether. US Airways is also adding the Envoy Sleeper seats to its transatlantic B767 models. US Airways also have programs that give it strengths in areas other airlines lack. Dividend Miles is US Airways frequent flyer program which gives passengers who fly a certain amount of preferred miles perks such as upgrades, free checked bags, and early check in options. Many airlines have their own rewards program but US Airways has the advantage as it is part of the Star Alliance which is the largest airline alliance. Star Alliance is made up of 25 airlines and even if you do not fly US Airways as long as you fly one of the alliance airlines, your preferred miles are honored. The Star Alliance has their own premium levels for passengers enrolled in the alliances member programs. So regardless of the airline in the alliance, youre still eligible for the upgrades. Star Alliance makes up 28% of the global market share and was voted best airline alliance in 2007 (the next page demonstrates the members of the star alliance and some key facts which was taken from the Star Alliance webs ite). US Airways airport lounges are called US Airways Clubs and have 19 lounges in 14 airports across the US and can also be used within the Star Alliance. This is another perk that many other airlines have but unlike many including the larger airlines such as Delta, admittance to the US Airways lounge is free with your premium frequent flyer program Star Alliance statistics Member Airlines: 25 Number of aircraft: 3,740 Number of employees: 458,332 Passengers per year: 586.60 million Sales Revenue (in US$): 169.70 billion Daily departures: 19,534 Number of airports: 1,071 Number of lounges: 954 Countries served: 171 The two overall strengths that US Airways has over many of its competitors are its â€Å"Do Crew† and safety rating. The Do Crew is made up of volunteer employees that participate in community based programs to help out the community on a monthly basis. The Do Crews set out through their local chapters which are located in many mainstream cities such as Boston, Las Vegas, New York, Charlotte, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Phoenix, and Washington, DC. Many of the airlines are regarded as only looking to achieve capital, although the ultimate goal of all airlines is to sell seats and make money, US Airways displays a sense of appreciation by giving back to the community each month. The company is a proud sponsor of Reading is Fundamental (RIF) which helps to distribute books and help children achieve literacy. The strongest point that US Airways holds which most passengers would look for is they were considered the safest airline in the US. From January 1, 2002 to January 2, 2007 US Airways had the lowest accident rating of .89 accidents per 1 million take offs. The list below came from the website injury.com which shows the top 5 safest airlines in that period. US Airways (.89 accidents) Southwest Airlines (2.59 accidents) America West Airlines (2.96 accidents) Continental Airlines (3.17 accidents) Alaska Airlines (3.32 accidents) Competition will always exist in the aviation world but these are some of the strengths that set aside US Airways from the other airlines. Weakness of US Airways As many strength US Airways have, it also have their weaknesses that lowers the airline popularity and name. Complaints are a common or daily situation that many customers have during the year. Many luggage claims have been filed by angry passengers. Like customers luggage getting lost and then appearing broken and with missing personnel items. Like in the case of some customers nicknamed â€Å"bigfogie† when he lost his luggage after making connections to another city. When he finally gets his suitcase, he found out that it was broken with all his family gifts and personal stuff damaged. Then after making a complaint and filing their forms for damages, US Airways decision was not to pay for the items. This is a loss of consciousness of the company because after committing the safety and trust of the customers luggage, it ended up like trash. This problem of peoples properties getting damage is very common because he is not the only one complaining for the same problem. People have passed by the same problem, which they end up giving their comments and similar experiences. US Airways safety has been downsized causing a risk to the aircrafts maintenance and peoples lives. Lives haves been in risk because of the safety directives were not met during the period of October 2008 to January 2009. The procedure used was that the mechanics whould stuff shop towels into the aircraft engine, which can cause the engine to fail in any time. In that period there were 1,647 flights that could have been affected, causing any irregularity in the engine performance. This is why U.S Airways was fined 5.4 million dollars by the Federal Aviation Authority. When this was announced it could cause many customers to change to another airline causing losses to the company. This is a clear stage of lack of training and needs to be corrected. â€Å"U.S Airways† will be changing their company structure by concentrating their service in Philadelphia, Charlotte and Phoenix and other cities. Due to the restructuring, the company will let go some markets and fire 1,000 workers and suspend service to Beijing. The restructuring will cause during the next 3 months reducing of 64 to 36 departures in â€Å"Las Vegas† and will be closing operation in Wichita, Kansas and Colorado Springs, Colorado. During the first 6 months of 2010, US Airways will be closing crew bases in Boston, La Guardia and Las Vegas. 25 Business Travel News reported that â€Å"US Airways also pointed to weakness in transatlantic revenue in its plan to cease service from Philadelphia to Birmingham, U.K.; London Gatwick; Milan, Italy; Shannon, Ireland; and Stockholm, Sweden.† This will reduce the customers advantage to get to their destinations directly and will become a hassle were they will have to look for new sources and leave US Airways Services. There is a possibility that revenue will reduce but US Airways will be concentrating in their services which could be neutralized. Other companies will take full advantages of these departures being reduced and bases being closed. These will cause other airlines to gain new customers with less competence. Industry Environment In 2008, US Airways faced an outstanding change in their company. US Passes through significant losses as they confront staggering increases in the price of fuel during that year. The average quarter cost per barrel of oil below in the diagram demonstrates the runaway of fuel prices during 2008: US airways continue with this difficult economical confrontation, they were not able to increase the price of their tickets to at least pay their larger expense which was jet fuel. These factors help other Airlines to take advantage where they increased prices in their tickets and preserve liquidity. US Airways Response As described above, US Airways were profoundly challenged by the economic situation in 2008. They participated in the industrys response to record high fuel prices and take action to operate a strong and competitive airline by implementing the following initiatives. Capacity and Fleet Reductions The company reduced the total mainline capacity by 5.9 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 and the Express capacity by 1.3 percent on a year-over-year basis. Furthermore, US Airways plans to decrease the total mainline by four to six percent in 2009 and the Express capacity by five to seven percent from 2008. They anticipated that these capacity reductions will enable the company to lower the problem of reduced passenger demand on revenue and reduce costs. US Airways have prepared some strategic methods to obtain their capacity reduction goals: Fleet Reduction: US Airways said that they will be returning 10 aircrafts to leasers, this includes four Airbus A320s that were returned during the first quarter of 2009 and six 737-300 returned in 2008. They further cancelled the leases of two Airbus A330-200 wide-bodies that were planned for delivery in the second quarter of 2009. Even more, US Airways is still planning to reduce additional aircraft in 2010. â€Å"Las Vegas† Flight Reduction: US Airways closed Las Vegas night operation in exception for limited night service to the East Coast in 2008. 141 flights that departed daily from Las Vegas in 2007 were reduced to 77 in 2008. In the end, the revenue produced from the Las Vegas night operation no longer exceeded an increment cost. Opportunities of US Airways While US Airways may not be the best airline in the world, it has the potential to be. Within the company lie many opportunities that it could use to its advantage. The company offers an attractive employee benefit. Within the package lie health insurance, prescription drug coverage, dental insurance, life insurance and many more. We all know that there is a larger population in the eastern United States than the western and currently, US Airways has a large number of destinations and a greater hold on the Eastern coast of the United States. They go to major cities such as New York, Philadelphia, Charleston, Washington DC.etc. These are relatively large cities which could potentially mean more airline seat sales given the right strategies. This is in comparison to Delta Airlines whose eastern city destinations are New York, Boston and Washington DC. The map below shows the routes of the daily 3800 flights carried out by US Airways. The entire eastern seaboard is covered in black which demonstrates the overlaying of multiple flight paths. With fuel efficient airbus aircrafts a large number on their fleet, the company could use this to go towards being a â€Å"green company†. Being a green company has its benefits, especially in the 21st century when many people are conscious of the welfare of the earth. This badge will give the company a good image and might possibly increase passenger enrollments. On January 15, 2009, a US Airways flight bound for Charlotte, North Carolina hit a flock of birds on takeoff from La Guardia airport. The A320 aircraft, captained by Chesley Sullenberger ditched into the Hudson River in an attempt to save the lives of 155 passengers and crews onboard. In the weeks that follow, the media, passengers and government officials all praised captain Sullenberger for his professionalism in handling the situation. The governor was quote calling the event â€Å"a miracle on the Hudson†. Although a traumatic event, this had brought much positive public attention to the highly skilled pilots within US Airways. In 2007, US Airways ranked among the worst in on-time performance; however, a year later, the company went to having one of the best within the major airlines. Airport Business reported that â€Å"US Airways rallied its work force to focus on one goal getting planes pushed back from the gate on-time and began offering financial incentives to workers for better service.† This shows that the company has what it takes to improve on a number of their services and should use this example as a way in making their company more effective. Threats towards US Airways One of US Airways biggest threats is competitive airline tickets, of the three destinations that I have researched; US Airways had the most expensive tickets for two destinations. I visited the website expedia.com and found that from New York City to Boston, US Airways charged a low price of $215, Delta Airlines charge $201 and American Airline charges $202. From New York City to Las Vegas, US Airways charged $248; Delta and American Airlines charged $209. The last destination was from New York City to Miami. US Airways charged $168, Delta Airline charged $163 and American Airlines charged $173. On all three destinations, US Airways biggest threat comes from Delta Airline which offers the lowest airfares. This could be used as a factor which influences customers away from US Airways. US Airways has the worst customer satisfaction out of 19 largest airlines in America. According to Phoenix Business Journal, â€Å"US Airways improves, but still trails in customer satisfaction†. In July 2008, the US department of transportation reported that US Airways had received customer complaints of 2.16 for every 100,000 passengers. The report went further to say 19,400 bags were lost or mishandled in July. Based on these finding, US Airways has more expensive airfares and bad customer satisfaction which is a bad combination for influencing customers to travel with them. For quite some time, Delta airline offered in-flight Wi-Fi access. This had since been a threat towards US Airways which did not offer this service. In todays world many people wanted to stay connected, especially when they are in an aircraft for many hours. However, US Airways has since responded to this threat by introducing Wi-Fi to its aircrafts within the first quarter of 2010. The Pittsburg Business Times reports â€Å"The carrier, which is the No. 1 airline at Pittsburgh International Airport, has hired Aircell to provide Internet access†¦ Customers will be able to choose services from Aircells standard pricing structure, which currently ranges from $5.95 to $12.95.† US Airways international service has a threat amongst the service that is offered at Delta. US Airways currently operates 3,800 daily flights to 240 destinations in 32 countries. This may seem like an impressive figure, however, Delta Airlines has 7,500 daily flights to 567 destinations in 112 countries. This numbers doubles that of US Airways and the company offers cheaper airfares than US Airways. So an expansion into other markets is required, for instance, African and Asian cities. US Airways BCG Matrix Stars for US Airways would include: Airline technology such as Business class reclining seats. The seats US Airways offer comfort ability to its business class passengers making it possible and reasonable for the airline to raise its prices. The Dividend Miles program offers passengers benefits each time they fly with US Airways. This gives much appreciation to loyal customers who would continue to support the airline. Every airline wishes to use less fuel to carry more passengers, with US Airways large fleet of Airbus, they do just that. The fuel efficient aircrafts gives much revenue to the company. The new venture of introducing Wi-Fi technology into US Airways aircrafts will prove to be a question mark. Although it is expected to become a star, there is still some uncertainty to its future in the company. US Airways have a relatively young aircraft fleet. Based on airfleet.net, the average age of the aircrafts are 11.9 years so the dogs in this company could be old unreliable aircrafts. It is always best to buy new aircrafts than try to maintain old ones. It takes too much time and money and there is a high chance it will be out of service again. Unprofitable destinations are another, every airline has this. An airline loses its influence in an area to competition and its just not making money. The only logical thing to do is just to discontinue services to that area. Some cash cows US Airways has are its profitable destinations and shuttle destinations. These destinations are very profitable for the company and although they dont expect much growth, they are still a very good asset for the company. Recommendations On all three destinations from New York that I researched, I found that US Airways had the most expensive airfare. I think more should be done to lower the prices to be cheaper than Delta. Although US Airways has a .89 accident rating which is a significantly low number, they had been publicly fined 5.4 million dollars for lack of safety. This could affect them negatively so it is important that the company keeps up to date with its safety requirements and guidelines. In September 2008, Pittsburg Business Journals reported that US Airways trails behind 18 top Airline companies in America in customer satisfaction. This is because the airline frequently receives complaints about lost luggage and little is done to compensate these passengers. The company needs to be friendlier towards the customer on these matters or face drastic loss in passenger enrollment. The company should start an advertising campaign towards helping to save the environment with their fuel efficient aircrafts. US Airways could use a different image, an image that shows it cares. With the publicity of Captain Sullenberger, US Airways should organize a tour to aeronautical schools for the captain to inspire student pilots. More should be done to open new gates into the international markets. The company does not have much Asian and African destinations and we feel that they should atleast have one major city within these continents. Conclusion US Airways is the fifth largest airline in the United States after its merger with America West Airlines. The companys mission statement gave an impression that it was dedicated to its customers yet the company has much room for improvement towards customer satisfaction to achieve that mission statement. The companys focus is primarily on ways for cutting cost, they sometimes refuse to reimburse customers for their broken luggage and implementing costs to measure up to safety requirements. While they may not have many accidents, the company needs to bear in mind prevention. Overall, the direction the company is going signifies that it has a profitable and bigger future. We expect the company to increase its fleet size and further modernize to the level which it will be competing with the likes of airlines such as Cathay, Air France, etc. Reference A320 Family, Airbus. Retrieved on November 19, 2009 from http://www.airbus.com/en/aircraftfamilies/a320 BCG Growth Share Matrix, Quick MBA. Retrieved November 20, 2009 from http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/matrix/bcg/ Consumer complaints about US Airways, Consumer Affairs. Retrieved on November 19, 2009 from http://www.consumeraffairs.com/travel/us_airways.htm Cutting Flights And Jobs, US Airways Narrows Network, 25 Business travel news. Retrieved on November 7, 2009 from http://www.btnonline.com/businesstravelnews/headlines/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1004031470 Delta Airlines worldwide destinations, Delta Airlines. Retrieved November 19, 2009 from http://www.delta.com/planning_reservations/plan_flight/destinations/travel_getaways/index.jsp Details and Fleet history, Planespotters. Retrieved on November 25, 2009 from http://www.planespotters.net/Airline/US-Airways?show=current#AirlineFleetList Employee Benefits, US Airways. Retrieved November 18, 2009 from http://www.usairways.com/en-US/aboutus/employment/employee_benefits.html Fleet age, US Airways, Airfleets. Retrieved on November 19, 2009 from http://www.airfleets.net/ageflotte/?file=calcopopp=US+Airways Flight Prices, Expedia. Retrieved November 17, 2009 from http://www.expedia.com/pub/agent.dll?qscr=fexpflag=qcity1=JFKcitd1=LASdate1=11/23/2009time1=362date2=11/26/2009time2=362cAdu=1cSen=cChi=cInf=infs=2tktt=trpt=2ecrc=eccn=qryt=8load=1airp1=JFKdair1=LASrdct=1olacid=buttons-meta.cheapflights.cheapflights.buttons.flight.xml.,%20buttons-meta.cheapflights.cheapflights.buttons.flight.xmleapid=12345-1 http://www.expedia.com/pub/agent.dll?qscr=fexpflag=qcity1=JFKcitd1=BOSdate1=12/1/2009time1=362date2=12/8/2009time2=362cAdu=1cSen=cChi=cInf=infs=2tktt=trpt=2ecrc=eccn=qryt=8load=1airp1=JFKdair1=BOSrdct=1olacid=buttons-meta.cheapflights.cheapflights.buttons.flight.xml.,%20buttons-meta.cheapflights.cheapflights.buttons.flight.xmleapid=12345-1 http://www.expedia.com/pub/agent.dll?qscr=fexpflag=qcity1=JFKcitd1=MIAdate1=12/2/2009time1=362date2=12/14/2009time2=362cAdu=1cSen=cChi=cInf=infs=2tktt=trpt=2ecrc=eccn=qryt=8load=1airp1=JFKdair1=MIArdct=1olacid=buttons-meta.cheapflights.cheapflights.buttons.flight.xml.,%20buttons-meta.cheapflights.cheapflights.buttons.flight.xmleapid=12345-1 Form 10-K for US AIRWAYS GROUP INC, Yahoo Finance. Retrieved on November 26, 2009 from http://au.us.biz.yahoo.com/e/090218/lcc10-k.html How US Airways ended up in first to get to the top of the on-time heap, airline focused on pushing back from the gate fast, Airport Business. Retrieved November 27, 2009 from http://www.airportbusiness.com/online/article.jsp?siteSection=1id=21636 LCC Annual Report, EDGAR. Retrieved on November 28, 2009 from http://sec.edgar-online.com/us-airways-group-inc/10-k-annual-report/2009/02/18/section12.aspx N.Y. jet crash called â€Å"miracle on the Hudson, MSNBC. Retrieved November 27, 2009 from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/28678669 Robbins Coulter (2009). Management (10th edition). New Jersey, Pearson Prentice Hall Star Alliance member airlines, Star Alliance. Retrieved on November 18, 2009 from http://www.staralliance.com/en/about/airlines/ Top 5 safest airline, Injury. Retrieved on November 18, 2009 from http://www.injury.com/injuries/2009/02/13/top-five-safest-airlines/ United Airlines, US Airways face millions in FAA fines for safetyviolations, Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on November 17, 2009 from http://archives.chicagotribune.com/2009/oct/15/business/chi-tc-biz-faa-1014-1015oct15 US Airways, United. Retrieved on November 30, 2009 from http://www.united.com/page/article/0,1360,50107,00.html US Airways add Wi-Fi Service, Pittsburg Business Times. Retrieved November 19, 2009 from http://pittsburgh.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/stories/2009/07/20/daily44.html US Airways airlines information history pictures and facts, Aviation Explorer. Retrieved from December 1, 2009 from http://www.aviationexplorer.com/us_airways_airlines.htm US Airways complaint, My3cents. Retrieved on November 11, 2009 from http://www.my3cents.com/showReview.cgi?id=62769 US Airways flight destinations, US Airways. Retrieved November 17, 2009 from http://www.usairways.com/en-US/routemap.html US Airways improves, but still trails in customer satisfaction, Phoenix Business Journal. Retrieved November 17, 2009 from http://phoenix.bizjournals.com/phoenix/business_travel/story/biz/937.html US Airways mission statement, US Airways Group. Retrieved November 16, 2009 from http://www.company-statements-slogans.info/list-of-companies-u/us-airways-group.htm US Airways on flickr, flickr from Yahoo. Retrieved November 27, 2009 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/egrenouille/3230143574/ US Airways Past and Present, US Airways. Retrieved on November 27, 2009 from http://www2.usairways.com/en-US/aboutus/pressroom/history.html

Disaster in Elizabeth Bishop’s One Art Essay -- One Art

Disaster in Elizabeth Bishop’s One Art Art is not life. More, it is a deception, mirroring experience and emotion, but never truly becoming that which it reflects. Art is attractive in that it is a controlled balance between rigid structure, which is too mundane for its purposes, and chaotic discord, which is too feral. Poetry is art. Loss is not. In her villanelle â€Å"One Art,† Elizabeth Bishop proves this to be so. The poem itself is an emotive crescendo, and while its speaker struggles to hold the pain of loss within the confines of art, its readers note the incongruity of such an effort. One word prompts them, and fuels Bishop’s crescendo with a momentum, a tone, and a coda; â€Å"disaster† impels the poem â€Å"One Art.† Fittingly, the crescendo begins softly. The poem’s opening stanza assumes a fairly impassive tone, which transpires from the speaker’s feigned indifference toward the prospect of losing. Though the immediate clash between Bishop’s title and its implication briefly upsets the mind from a logical standpoint, the speaker’s hasty assurance that loss is â€Å"no disaster† seem...

Discuss symbolism and its effectiveness in the Iliad Essay

Symbolism plays a crucial role in The Iliad. Take for instance when Achilles already knows why Apollo is angry, but decides the fact should be stated by someone other than himself. He knows that Agamemnon will become angry once the truth is revealed. I believe that in this instance he is trying to keep his rage in check by avoiding a direct confrontation with Agamemnon so although the symbolism of anger is present it is kept under wraps. Calchas also fears for his life because he also knows Agamemnon’s fury is unyielding at times. However, with a great deal of encouragement from Achilles, Calchas â€Å"spoke out, bravely: ‘Beware-The god’s enraged because Agamemnon spurned his priest'† (106). When the truth is exposed, Agamemnon becomes extremely angry and he and Achilles argue. The argument becomes so heated that Achilles is tempted to kill Agamemnon. Achilles questions himself, â€Å"Should he draw the long sharp sword slung at his hip, thrust through the ranks and kill Agamemnon now†Ã¢â‚¬â€œor check his rage and beat his fury down†Ã¢â‚¬  (108). Here, Hera has Athena intervene to keep Achilles from killing Agamemnon, which shows how the gods control Achilles’ destiny. The argument between Achilles and Agamemnon clearly shows that the two men have different opinions about the power of the gods, what is holy or unholy, and what is proper treatment of other men. These differences are one source of Achilles’ rages likewise the issues pertaining to power and gods are being symbolised. Achilles is also angry at having to fight another man’s battle. The Trojan War is being fought because Paris stole Helen, Agamemnon’s sister-in-law. In his argument with Agamemnon, Achilles points out â€Å"It wasn’t Trojan spearmen who brought me here to fight. The Trojans never did me damage, not in the least† (107). Achilles’ rage heightens in the argument and he declares â€Å"No, you colossal, shameless–we all followed you, to please you, to fight for you, to win your honor back from the Trojans—Menelaus and you, you dog-face! † (108). Achilles is also angry because even though he and many other soldiers are there risking their lives for Agamemnon and Menelaus, Agamemnon is sly enough to avoid personal injury. Achilles says to Agamemnon, â€Å"Never once did you arm with the troops and go to battle or risk an ambush packed with Achaea’s picked men–you lack the courage, you can see death coming† (109). The Trojan War is being fought for personal reasons. Achilles’ rage at this point stems from the injustice that he is risking his life for someone else’s cause and also for the fact that Agamemnon is a coward. The argument between Achilles and Agamemnon has deep-seeded roots of jealousy, another and symbol emotion that stirs anger. Agamemnon knows that Achilles has the respect of the soldiers and the gods; therefore, Agamemnon is always striving to prove his superiority and powerfulness to Achilles. Agamemnon agrees to give Chryseis back to the priest, but then takes Brisies from Achilles. Achilles allows Agamemnon’s men to take Brisies without a fight in order to maintain the respect of the gods; however, after Brisies is taken, Achilles becomes so enraged and heartbroken that he reaffirms his declaration not to fight anymore. Achilles declares that Agamemnon is to blame for the doom of the Achaean army â€Å"if the day should come when the armies need me to save their ranks from ignominious, stark defeat† (112). Jealousy, then, can be viewed as another source of Achilles’ rage. The issues being symbolised here are emotional and touching. Achilles is heartbroken and calls on his mother, the goddess Thetis. She is sorrowful when she hears Achilles’ prayers and weeping. Achilles knows that he is going live a short life and now feels that his life has no honor. He feels that the gods have forsaken him by allowing Agamemnon to humiliate him. Achilles wants his mother to collect on an old debt from Zeus. Thetis is saddened by Achilles’ heartbreak and confirms his destiny, â€Å"‘Doomed to a short life, you have so little time. And not only short, now, but filled with heartbreak too'† (114). She leaves Achilles to go ask Zeus to let the Trojan army win as long as Achilles is not fighting. Achilles is â€Å"left alone, his heart inflamed for the sashed and lovely girl they’d wrenched from him against his will† (115). Achilles’ lost love and broken heart are another source of his rage. The effect is symbolism is tangible. Rage is being symbolised through love and the impact leads to a broken heart. Achilles’ heart remains rigid against Agamemnon even when three of his dearest friends come and ask him to fight again. Phoenix, Ajax, and Odysseus plead with Achilles to join the battle again, but he refuses. The three make the argument that even if Achilles is angry with Agamemnon, he should still come back to the fighting to help his friends whose lives will be lost if he does not. Achilles’ dearest friend, Patroclus, decides to take Achilles’ armor and join the fighting. Patroclus is wounded in battle and then is killed when â€Å"Hector waiting, watching the great-hearted Patroclus trying to stagger free, came rushing into him right across the lines and rammed his spearshaft home. † (159). It is Patroclus’ death that brings Achilles back to the war. Now his rage is aroused by his desire to obtain revenge against the Trojan army and, more specifically, Hector. Achilles’ armor is lost because Hector and the Trojans take it from Patroclus’ dead body. This action inspires Achilles to seek Thetis’ help again. She has Hephaestus make new armor for Achilles. The new armor is magnificent. It is â€Å"a great and massive shield, blazoning well-wrought emblems all across its surface† (173). Thetis and other gods encourage Achilles to fight now. Apollo taunts Achilles while Hector holds fast outside the city gates. It is King Priam who first sees Achilles coming and is filled with fear for Hector. Achilles appears â€Å"blazing like the star that rears at harvest, flaming up in its brilliance far outshining the countless stars in the night sky (177). Hector is filled with fear as Achilles approaches the city. Achilles then chases Hector around the city three times. It is divine intervention by Athena that causes Hector to finally stop and face Achilles. Zeus decides who will die in the fight as he â€Å"held out his sacred golden scales: in them he placed two fates of death that lays men low† (181). The scales are tipped in Achilles’ favor and Hector looses his life. It is very clear that the gods control Achilles’ destiny and influence the factors that create his rage. Why is Achilles enraged? His rage is a personal choice. He decides to confront Agamemnon. He decides to withdraw from the war. He decides to join the war after Patroclus’ death. However, the gods do their parts in making sure that his destiny is carried out. Thetis has new armor made for him and encourages him to fight. Apollo taunts him. Athena intervenes, first to make sure he does not kill Agamemnon and then later to make sure that he does kill Hector. Zeus weighs his fate. Rage is the spawn of many emotions. Injustice, jealousy, un-holiness, revenge, and heartbreak are emotions that sparked Achilles’ rage. Homer’s tale, the Iliad, shows how Achilles’ rage is his destiny. Symbolism is very effective throughout the novel. It is linked to emotions, love and rage. Works Cited Homer. â€Å"The Iliad. † The Norton Anthology World Masterpieces. Ed. Sarah Lawall. 7th ed. Vol. 1. W. W. Norton & Company. New York, London, 1999. 104-209. Spark Notes the Iliad by Homer Spark Notes edition January 10, 2002 The Norton Anthology of Western Literature, Volume 1 by Sarah Lawall Norton; 8 edition August 15, 2005 Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers by John Schilb Bedford/St. Martin’; 3 edition October 25, 2005.

Attachment Theory essays

Attachment Theory essays To begin to understand the attachment theory one must first understand and have a clear definition of what attachment is. From my point of view attachment is a lasting, secure and positive bond between a child and a caregiver, a reciprocal relationship. Attachment, as a behavioural system introduced by Bowlby (1969, 1973, 1979, 1980), is thus a set of behaviours (crying, smiling, clinging, moving, looking, etc) that function together to achieve proximity to the primary caregiver. The biological purpose of such an innate behavioural system is to keep the infant close to the mother and protect it during its early and most vulnerable years(http://psychology.about.com) 1 A baby who has formed an attachment responds well with the adult she has bonded with, this response makes the adult continue providing the care, nourishment, nurturing and stimulation the child needs to ensure a healthy well-rounded development. As the baby grows mechanisms are developed to allow this bonding to continue, traditionally a baby would have been carried around by the mother, usually in a papoose, till old enough to crawl around. Then when the baby could crawl it could follow its mother, reach objects on its own and explore, always being able to get to where mum is if and when needed. Babies are able to cry from birth, this cry is plaintiff and helpless, this makes us want to hold them and comfort them, a baby who knows she will be picked up when distressed becomes secure, trust develops and the baby understands that all she needs to do is cry and help is there. When a baby looks into our faces when we are feeding them we begin to speak to them, our voices soften and our tones become sweeter, almost saccharin, when they hold our finger and begin to make cooing noises it tugs the heart strings, we respond with more chatter, the content doesnt matter, what does matter is that we are bonding, an attachment is forming between us and the ...

Teenagers and Students Essay Example

Teenagers and Students Essay Example Teenagers and Students Essay Teenagers and Students Essay Essay Topic: Students People in this group are young children that are still at compulsory education which means they will not need any big loans from bank to pay off any expenses e.g. University fees, although their parents might want to set up a savings account for them for when they grow up. Their parents and guardians will also support them so they should be responsible for any of their financial needs. Teenagers and Students (17-22) Teenagers and students from the age of 17 to 22 are quite different from the school age youth. This is because they are no longer at compulsory education and their financial needs have increased so their parents or guardians may support them less financially, because they will be expected to get a job. This means they will need to open a bank account so that when they do get in to the world of work their salary can be paid directly to the account. There are lots of financial services available to teenagers and students e.g. credit cards, but they might not be open to all of the major credit card companies e.g. (Master card, Visa, American express) because they do not have any credit history so they will need to start off with a student credit card. Some people in this group will be finishing 6th form / college and be looking to go University and take their education to a next level but this in not cheap so they may need a bank loan to pay for the University fees. Post-education / pre-families (23-30) People in this group are young adults that have just finished university and looking to start a family. So this means that their financial needs will be quite great. This is because people in this group will be paying off student loans for their university fees. They might also want to get a mortgage to buy a house just to start off a family. The parents may perhaps open up a bank account to start saving for their childrens future university fees. Established families (40-50) Established families will be still paying off their mortgages and other financial debts. Parents in this stage will still be at work to keep on supporting their family financially. Their kids will be close to the time of leaving their house so there parents will be saving money for their kids university fees, if they decide to go on to further education. In addition they might also want to start thinking about starting life insurance Mature household (50-60) People in the mature household sector are at the stage of their life where there children will be moving out of the house and going on to further education at university, this means that the parents may be saving for their childrens university fees. At this time of their life they should have paid off or be close to paying off their mortgages and financial debts, but this all depends on how high their income is. Parents in this life stage will be thinking about life insurance so they will need to pay money in to their life insurance. Retired pensioners (60+) At this stage of their life they should have paid off their mortgages and other financial services. Pensioners are at a stage in their life where they do not have any big financial responsibilities. They will only be paying for personal needs E.g. clothes and food. This is because at this time of their life their children will be definitely moved out of the house. Pensioners are being supported financial by the government. Task 3 Introduction In task 3 I have been asked to design and create a fact sheet that explains three different banking services available to two people at different life stages, the people I am going to choose are Students and young families. Bank Services available for Students from Royal bank of Scotland and Barclays Bank Graduate current account A current account is used to hold funds for an individual. The benefit of having a current account is that it is an easy way of adding interest to the money that is in the account. Students will need a current account for many reasons, like salaries and benefits can be paid in and paying bills can be made a lot easier. This is because money can automatically put in and the bill will be automatically paid via direct debit. The account will also give interest on the balance will help their money grow. The graduate royalties account is available for 3 years and comes with an interest free overdraft up à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2000. An overdraft is a service that enables the account holder to withdraw over and above what they actually have in the account. Overdrafts are only available to people over the age of 18. This service will be appropriate for teenagers because it is flexibility on those occasions when you might need to spend before your money is paid in. This is also a preparation for teenagers to handle loans and credit cards because it is the banks money they are handling on a small scale. Student Credit from The royal Bank of Scotland A credit card allows customers to purchase goods on credit. This means that the customer will not have to pay for the good at the time of the transaction. The banks loans the customer money by a credit card. This loan is interest free for a short period time (after which the APR is usually quite high). The student Credit Card is designed for student life. It is a big breakthrough for students when they need all their essential needs. Food, clothes and books. When you add up all the expenses of student living it comes at a big price. On the student credit card there is up to 56 days interest free credit and this should come as good news (if the customer pays the balance in full and one time and have paid the previous months balance in full and on time) If not the interest rates will apply. The card is very flexible because it can be managed online from a computer or MAC to check balances etc. Graduate loan from Barclays Bank A loan is when a bank lends a customer money for a long term period. Interest rates vary depending on the sum of money taken out and the time taken to pay it back The graduate loan from Barclays bank is designed for students at university that are reaching their peek at university and getting ready to graduate. At this point in their life they are not really financial blessed so the graduate loan will help the individual settle down in their new life. The customer can borrow up à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10,000 and can apply for repayment terms up to 60 months so this is really good and flexible for the individual. Fixed interest rates so monthly repayments never change. Loan Amount Representative APR Repayment Term* Monthly Repayment Total Payable à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3,000 8.4% 60 months à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½62.38 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3,742.80 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5,000 8.4% 60 months à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½103.97 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6,238.20 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10,000 8.4% 60 months à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½207.93 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12,475.80 Bank Services available for Young Families at HSBC First time buyer mortgage from Barclays bank A mortgage is the transfer of an interest in property (or in law the equivalent a charge) to a lender as a security for a debt usually a loan of money. While a mortgage in itself is not a debt, it is lenders security for a debt. It is a transfer of an interest in land (or the equivalent), from the owner to the mortgage lender, on the condition that this interest will be returned to the owner of the real estate when the terms of the mortgage have been satisfied or performed. In other words, the mortgage is a security for the loan that the lender makes to the borrower. The first time buyer mortgage from Barclays bank is designed for people who are looking to buy their first home. So the first time buyer mortgage is designed to make this easy for the customer. There is a 2 year fixed rate mortgage so the customer can budget better at the start of their mortgage. Mortgage Interest rate Application fee What can I borrow? Early Repayment Charge 2-year fixed rate 6.49% until 31/01/2010, then for the remaining term BBBR + 0.95% currently 6.45%. The overall cost for comparison is 6.8% APR à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½995 Up to 95% of the value of your home 3% of the balance repaid until 31/01/2010 2-year fixed rate 6.79% until 31/01/2010, then for the remaining term BBBR + 0.95% currently 6.45%. The overall cost for comparison is 6.8% APR None Up to 95% of the value of your home 3% of the balance repaid until 31/01/2010 BBBR = Barclays Bank Base Rate. Homeowner loan from Barclays bank The homeowner loan is simply made for people that own a home and need to borrow between à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5000 and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100,000. The payments can be paid over 25 years and the monthly outgoings could be reduced by 50% this is achieved by spreading your new loan over a longer term. By doing this, your overall interest payments will increase. Platinum Credit Card from the royal bank of Scotland The platinum credit card from the royal bank of Scotland is designed for people that are over 25 and earn more than à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25,000 a year. This is clear the key charteristcs of an individual in the young families life stage. The customer can get 0% interest for 13 months from when they open their account and also pay 0% interest on balance transfers. Summary Box The information contained in this table summarises key product features and is not intended to replace any terms and conditions. APR Typical 13.9% APR (variable) Other Interest Rates Introductory Rate Monthly Rate Annual Rate Simple Effective Purchases 0% for 3 months 1.094% 13.128% p.a. 13.947% p.a. Balance Transfers 0% for 13 months 1.094% 13.128% p.a. 13.947% p.a. Cash Advances N/A 1.873% 22.476% p.a. 24.942% p.a. Money Transfers N/A 1.094% 13.128% p.a. 13.947% p.a. Interest Free Period Maximum 56 days for purchases if you pay your balance in full and on time, and have paid the previous months balance in full and on time no interest free period on cash advances or money transfers. Interest free period on balance transfers only applies to the introductory period. Interest Charging Information The periods over which interest is charged are as follows: From Until Purchases transaction date repaid in full Balance transfers transaction date repaid in full Cash advances transaction date repaid in full Money transfers date debited to your account repaid in full Allocation of Payments We will apply payments we receive to your account in the following order: Interest on special offers Other interest, any fee and charges Special offers Purchases and balance transfers Cash advances and money transfers See section 2(D) (b) of your Credit Card Agreement for full details. Minimum repayment Greater of 2.25% of your balance (rounded down to the nearest pound) or à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 each month. Please note: we do not recommend that you only ever make your minimum payment. Amount of credit Minimum initial credit limit is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½300 and maximum is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20,000. All other credit limits (including the maximum available) are subject to status. Fees No Annual Fee. Charges Cash advances (except gambling transactions) subject to a handling fee of 2.5% with a minimum of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.50; Balance transfers subject to a fee of 2.5% (min à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5) during the first three months from account opening unless you qualify for exemption from that fee or are notified of a different fee under the terms of a special offer we make in connection with your application; Foreign exchange transactions subject to conversion fee of 2.75% (including purchase of foreign currency and travellers cheques); Copies of statements are subject to a fee of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3. Default charges Late payment and over limit fees are à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12; administration fee of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 to process dishonoured cheque or direct debit; administration fee of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12 to return unpaid promotional cheque to prevent you going over your limit. This is the rates and fees from the platinum credit card from the rbs (rbs.co.uk/personal/credit-cards/g1/platinum.ashx#tabs=section2) Task 4 Introduction: In task 4 I have been asked to explain the distinctive features of two selected retail banking services that render them suitable for two contrasting customers. 7.9% APR typical on Barclays bank personal loan. Annual percentage rate (APR) is the simplified counterpart to the effective interest rate the borrower will pay on a loan. In many countries and jurisdictions, lenders (such as banks) are required to disclose the cost of borrowing in some standardized way as a form of consumer protection. APR is intended to make it easier to compare lenders and loan options. The APR is likely to differ from the note rate or headline rate advertised by the lender, due to the addition of other fees that may need to be included in the APR. However the APR can be found simply by asking the lender, or reading the section about APR in your contract. Typical: The typical part of the annual percentage rate means that the percentage rate may not be the same as the advertisements. The changes are made due to the position of the applicant, depending on how much dept they are in, the level of income they are having etc. People in all life stages will be looking for the lowest Annual percentage rate. 5.25% AER on e saving reward from Barclays bank. Annual Equivalent Rate is a notional rate thats generally quoted on interest paid on savings and investments. It purports to demonstrate what interest return would be if the interest was compounded and paid annually instead of monthly (or any other period). If an account pays interest more than once a year, say, for example, monthly or quarterly, then the AER is calculated by adding each interest payment to the deposit and then calculating the next interest payment, compounding the interest. Thus, on accounts where interest is paid quarterly, the AER will be slightly higher than the quoted gross rate because of the compound interest earned on the interest paid during the year[T1]. Task 5 Introduction: In task 5 I have been asked to describe two retail banking providers that might be considered appropriate to the likely financial needs of two contrasting customers. I will be explaining for is post education / pre families and established families. I will use Barclays bank and the post office Barclays bank will be appropriate for a senior student in university finishing their degree and preparing to have a family. This is because they will be looking for a retail bank to offer them a basic current account to enable them to manage their bills and other finances. People in this life stage will not want to focus on saving or investing although they might want to leave some money aside. Barclays also provides saving products. So if a senior student wants to invest or save large amounts they have a wide range of saving facilities to choose from such as long term savings plans or short term saving plans. This can be managed via online banking so it will make it very easy and save time for the customer. Barclays offers insurance products for all kind of possessions. Such as life, care, home and travel. This will be appropriate for someone in this life stage because they will have lots of important things that will need to be insured. Post office will be appropriate for people in the established family life stage this is because it is more about saving and investments. This will be good because it will help them save for the future whether it is for their children or just for the future. The post office provides the instant saver service, witch has a great rate of 3.75% AER. There is great access to their service because they have over 13000 branches across the uk. Plus over 60000 ATMs across the uk. In addition the account can be managed via online banking. The instant saver offers a double interest guarantee. The first guarantee is to pass on any rise in the bank of England base for 2 years. The second guarantee is that the customers interest rate will never be more that 1% below the bank of England base rate for the life of the account. All interest is paid in annually. The post office also provides a child trust fund. This will be very suitable for people in the established life stage because their life will be comfortable and established so the will be in a good position to want to save for the future and for their children. The child trust fund is a stake holder account. Which means it has strict standards that must be met by the government, and one of these standards is that some of the money must be invested in shares. Task 6 Introduction In this task I have been asked to describe three savings products which will be considered appropriate to the financial needs of two contrasting customers at a given life stage and the customers that I am going to do are people in mature house holds and young families. Savings Builder from Barclays bank The savings builder is for people who have at least à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10,000 to save, and wants a great rate of interest with easy access to their account via the Internet and telephone. These will be key characteristics of an adult in a mature household. Interest is calculated on the daily statement balance of the account and is payable monthly on the first working day of the month. The rates of interest depend on the account balance and whether any withdrawals have been made from the account in the previous calendar month. Where no withdrawals have been made interest is calculated at the higher range of rates applicable to the account balance. On the other hand when or more withdraws have been made the interest is calculated at the lower range of rates applicable to the account balance. So this will encourage the customer to save. The Saving builders from Barclays Bank will be appropriate for people in an established family as well. Established families should be able to have at least à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10,000 if they would like to use the service. The rates of interest depend on the account balance and whether any withdrawals have been made from the account in the previous calendar month. Where no withdrawals have been made interest is calculated at the higher range of rates applicable to the account balance. On the other hand when or more withdraws have been made the interest is calculated at the lower range of rates applicable to the account balance. So this will encourage the customer to save. Day to Day Savings Account from Barclays Bank The Day to Day savings account is designed for someone who will need immediate access to their money for unplanned expenses or special treats, which will be part of a universitys students life style. The customer doesnt have to be a regular saver and it is cheap to open with just à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1 which will be great for the customer. Plus a cash card is available allowing the customer to withdraw up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½300. Day to Day Savings Open from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1 Maximum deposit N/A Interest rate 4.26% AER (4.18% gross pa)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Access Instant Interest paid (frequency) Monthly Account management Branch, phone, cash card and online (if registered this for Online Banking) The day to day savings account will be appropriate for established families. This is because established families will be settled in their homes heading towards paying off their mortgage, so this means that they will be able to afford to take money out on a day to day basis. In addition believe that adults in this life stage will have unexpected things to pay for like birthdays and day to day maintenance of their child. High Interest Deposit Bond from HSBC Bonds are usually referred to as risk-free bonds, because the government can raise taxes or simply print more money to redeem the bond at maturity. Some counter examples do exist where a government has defaulted on its domestic currency debt, such as Russia in 1998 (the ruble crisis), though this is very rare. The high interest deposit bond is designed for people in the established families life stage. This is because it is designed for people who have between à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2000 and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50000 in savings and concerned about falling interest rates and looking to change the rate of their savings. 5.75% AER /gross. Adults living in this lifestyle will have this kind of amount in savings so it will definitely be appropriate for them. The savings can be over 1, 2 or 3 years and the interested can be added on a monthly or annual basis. Effective Date Term Net % Gross % AER % High Interest Deposit Bond Monthly interest (Fixed Rate) 01.09.08 6 months 4.29 5.37 5.50 12 months 4.48 5.60 5.75 24 months 4.10 5.13 5.25 36 months 4.10 5.13 5.25 High Interest Deposit Bond from HSBC will also be suitable for people in the teenager and student lifestyle this is because students at university or post graduate students will be looking into saving money in high interest. There are a lot of different time scales they can invest for jus to suite them, whether it is 6 months or 3 years. This will be very appropriate because it will enable them to have a lot of money saved in the bank for when they leave university and preparing to start their own family. Task 8 Introduction In this task I have been asked to describe and explain in detail two investment products that will be considered appropriate for two contrasting customers at a given life stage. This will be people in teenager and student life stage and young families. Income Bonds from National Savings and Investments. Income Bonds provide the customer with a monthly income at a competitive variable interest rate, with no risk to their capital. Income Bonds from national savings and investments will be very suitable for young families because the people in this life stage will be doing post graduate work or finishing university. It will be very helpful because the income bonds will provide them with an additional monthly income. This will enable them to help out with your household outgoings, or to contribute to a few of lifes little luxuries. It is very convenient because they can choose to withdraw money when ever they want with no notice and no penalties. Income Bonds from national savings and investments will also be very appropriate for people in the teenager and students life stage. This is because people in this life style will be provided with an additional monthly income which will be very supportive for their day to day needs. It will be able to support them if their student loan has not been activated. It will also be very helpful for when they are about to leave university and preparing to live by themselves. Interest Rates Total Investment Gross rate pa AER Under à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25000 4.45% 4.54% à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25,000 + 4.70% 4.80% Gross is the taxable rate of interest without the deduction of UK Income Tax. AER (Annual Equivalent Rate) is a notional rate that illustrates what the annual rate of interest would be if the interest was compounded each time it was paid. Where interest is paid annually, the quoted rate and the AER are the same. The Baby Bond CTF account from The Childrens mutual The baby bond ctf account is stakeholder account for parents to save and invest their money for their kids for the later future in the governments way. This will definitely be the key characteristics of adults in the young family life stage. So that there is a chance for more potential growth, the baby bond account will be in a share-based fund. There are risks in doing this because the value of shares can go up and down, but the baby bond account is a long-term investment of 18 years so a big amount will be made despite the continuous change in the value to the shares. The minimum amount that can be paid in to start the account is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 so it is easy and cheap to get started, and with all other contributions there could be a potential sum of up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1200 and that is on top of the governments addition. The childs account is increased of its value by 1.5% The baby bond ctf account will be very suitable adults in the student life stage because it will be a great step to preparing for their childrens future it is a long-term investment of 18 years so a big amount will be made despite the continuous change in the value to the shares. The minimum amount that can be paid in to start the account is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 so it is easy and cheap to get started, and with all other contributions there could be a potential sum of up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1200 and that is on top of the governments addition. The childs account is increased of its value by 1.5% Total amount paid in (including à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½250 voucher and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½250 at age 7) Possible value of Baby Bond(r) Stakeholder account in 18 years time Based on 5% growth each year Based on 7% growth each year Based on 9% growth each year à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½500 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½821 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,090 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,440 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,660 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3,790 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4,690 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5,840 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5,900 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8,260 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10,100 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12,400 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½11,300 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15,700 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½19,100 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½23,400 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½22,100 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30,500 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½37,100 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½45,400 Task 9 Introduction In this task I have been asked to describe and explain three other financial services which might be appropriate to the likely financial needs of two contrasting customers. Income Protection from Royal Bank of Scotland Income protection is designed as a safety net to keep people financially healthy just in case of a long- term illness or accidental injury which could play havoc on peoples finances. I believe that this will be very appropriate for people in the mature household life stage. Simply because their life is moving at its peak so they will definitely need some sort of back up if something was to go wrong. It could help maintain your familys standard of living, providing a monthly income to help pay your mortgage, other debts or household bills. The plan is very flexible they can decide on how long they want their income to be paid if they are off work. It can be until any age from 50 to 65. The monthly income they receive under the plan is guaranteed until they are fit enough to back to work or until the plan end for example if they intend retirement age. Income protection will also be suitable and appropriate for people in the post education and pre families life stage. This is because they will be on the way up to starting their life on their own. So it will be vital for them to have some sort of safety net. This is because if there is no form of financial back up it will leave the individual in a very critical position. Travel Insurance from The Royal Bank Of Scotland Travel Insurance is designed to cover medical expenses, money invested in non-refundable pre- payments, and other losses that happen while travelling either within ones country, or internationally. The royal bank of Scotland will be very suitable insurance company for someone to choose because it is one of the biggest travel insurance companies in the UK so they have a big reputation to give their customers confidence in them. Travel insurance will be suitable for people in all life stages simply because everyone should be insured when they are away on holiday. But I think this will suite people in Mature households more because they will probably have the most expensive assets because they are one of the most families settled in their life. Travel insurance will be very suitable for people in post graduate and pre families life stage because people in this life stage are very active and tend to travel a lot so it will be very important for them to be insured whilst on holiday. Car Insurance from The Royal Bank Of Scotland Car insurance is insurance purchased for cars, trucks, and other vehicles. Its primary use is to provide protection against losses incurred as a result of traffic accidents and against liability that could be incurred in an accident. Car insurance from The Royal Bank Of Scotland is very good. They provide a courtesy car for the customer when there car is being repaired. If the customer has home insurance with the royal bank of Scotland they will save 15%. Although car insurance is vital for people in all life stages, this service will be very appropriate for people in mature household because of all the benefits that come with it such as the 15% discount that comes with the insurance. That is only available to people with home insurance, and that will be something that mature households will have. [T1] I do not know how to work out an example